The first steam turbine rail locomotive was built in 1908 for the officine meccaniche miani silvestri grodona comi, milan, italy. The paper reports metal loss data and general overview of steam oxidation behaviour of the selected alloys in water steam under atmospheric pressure in temperature range 675 725 oc. Stress simulation of general steam turbine blade materials. Mhi group produces highly efficient and reliable steam turbines, backed by extensive experience and proprietary knowhow. Request pdf steam turbine materials and corrosion ultrasupercritical usc power plants offer the promise of higher efficiencies and lower emissions. Application of ti6al4v as steam turbine blading material. A steam turbine locomotive engine is a steam locomotive driven by a steam turbine. Materials development for boilers and steam turbines operating at 700 c rudolph blum elsam engineering as, fredericia, denmark rod w. Thus, even if materials damping in titanium is negligible, there would be sufficient. Materials issues for turbines for operations in ultrasupercritical steam. These conditions are not only challenging for materials of construction for turbines and boilers but also for main steam turbine valves. Schofield ge company schenectady, ny introduction the need to provide stateoftheart products for a diverse and everchanging market is the chal lenge facing steam turbinegenerator manufactur ers in the 90s. Delivering cuttingedge turbine and generator technologies.
Materials for advanced ultra supercritical steam turbines. The performance of the steam turbine is governed by the losses occurred in it. Steam turbine materials and corrosion office of fossil energy gordon r. Because it is exposed to high temperature steam, the. Steam turbine basic parts mechanical engineering site.
Sw, albany or 97321 22nd annual conference on fossil energy materials, pittsburg pa, july 810, 2008. Structural steel carbon steel hsma high strength micro alloy heat treatment steel example. Sep 20, 2016 the ferrous, nonferrous materials and non metals are used as shaft material depending on the application. The turbine exhaust steam has a lower temperature than the superheated steam created when pressure is reduced through a prv. In 1924 krupp built the steam turbine locomotive t18 001, operational in 1929, for deutsche reichsbahn. Fabricating the steam turbine blade by direct laser.
In this steam turbines books section you will find handbooks training material and slides related to steam turbine auxiliaries, design and operation and. This material is based upon work supported by the department of energy under award number defe0025064 and the ohio development services agency under grant agreement number cdo d1501. Francis turbine spiral casing, stay ring and stay vanes materials. In a backpressure steam turbine, energy from highpressure inlet steam is efficiently converted into electricity and lowpressure exhaust steam is provided to a plant process. Some of the common ferrous materials used for shaft are discussed below. Latest technologies and future prospects for a new steam turbine. Steam turbine blades look a bit like propeller blades but are made from highperformance alloys because the steam flowing past is hot, at high pressure, and traveling fast. Once installed, a steam turbine s performance is subjected to degradation overtime for a number of reasons. Ive been wanting to make a steam turbine out of the two spare end caps that i. Woodfordd abstract coalfired supercritical steam power plants are currently operating with steam temperatures at the inlet to. The two main standards for steam turbines are api 611general purpose steam turbines, and api 612specialpurpose steam turbines. Our cuttingedge steam turbine technologies include higher performance blades and long integral shroud blades isbs, as well as materials to achieve higher temperatures.
Steam turbines are one of the most versatile and oldest prime mover technologies still in general production used to drive a generator or mechanical machinery. The casing shape and construction details depend on whether it is a high pressure hp or low pressure lp casings. In this article, we will discuss steam turbine basic parts. Coalfired supercritical steam power plants typically operate with steam temperatures in the range of 600c. Steam turbine shaft turbine shafts are mainly machined through turning and groovecutting operations with some amounts of drilling. All steam turbines have the same basic parts, though theres a lot of variation in how theyre arranged. The objective of this research is to understand materials degradation in usc steam environments and to identify andor develop viable materials for use in usc steam turbines. In this steam turbines books section you will find handbooks training material and slides related to steam turbine auxiliaries, design and operation and maintenance. Holcomb national energy technology laboratory 1450 queen ave. Recent technologies for steam turbines fuji electric. A turbine stage normally consists of a row of stationary blading and a row of rotating. The end result of a performance monitoring program is to obtain the lowest sustained heat rate possible. The steam turbines are widely used in power generation, refineries and petrochemical industries.
Materials for gas turbines an overview nageswara rao muktinutalapati vit university india 1. The principal cycle considerations are those of regenerative feedwater heating by turbine extraction steam and of reheating. There are two basic steam turbine types, impulse turbines and reaction turbines, whose blades are designed control the speed, direction and pressure of the steam as is passes through the turbine. Introduction advancements made in the field of materials have contributed in a major way in building gas turbine engines with higher power ratings and efficiency levels. Pdf materials issues for turbines for operations in.
Materials technology is key to enabling improvements in steam turbine performance arising from retrofit. Performance monitoring is an important part of operating a plant with steam turbine drivers. As hot, gaseous steam flows past the turbine spinning blades, steam expands and cools, giving off most of the energy it contains. Less than 50 years ago, a machine with the same rpm was rated at less than 200 mw. Steam turbines range from steam turbine is powered by steam. Woodfordd abstract coalfired supercriticalsteam power plants are currently operating with steam temperatures at the inlet to the highpressure turbine close to or slightly above 600c. The modern steam turbines rotate at 1800 or 3600 rpm and produce a shaft output of 800300 mw. Task 11 conduct testing and obtain asme code stamp approval for nickelbased. Steam turbine materials selection, life management and. Materials selection, the main degradation mechanisms and material issues, together with any special processes required, are discussed for each major component of the high temperature and low temperature cylinders. Telemetry tests have shewn that materials damping is about 25% or less that of system damping.
System damping in steam turbine blading consists of mechanical and aero dynamic damping in addition to materials damping. When selecting a steam turbine as a driver for an oil and gas application, the user must select either api 611 or api 612 standard to be followed. Fabricating the steam turbine blade by direct laser forming. For low and moderate inlet steam pressure up to 120 bar, a single shell. Task 10 fabricate forged nickelbased components for an ausc steam turbine haynes 282 and for an ausc main and reheat steam piping system inconel 740. This means that each would have a single value at any given state of the fluid. Steam turbine rotor forging and haynes 282 nozzle carrier casting. Kaplan turbine spiral casing runner guide vanes stay vanes draft tube cone.
Pdf materials issues for turbines for operations in ultra. Steam turbine performance 3 4 2 1 46 45 44 43 42 41 43 42 41 40 39 % % 1. The first steam turbine used for power generation was invented in 1884. The work by the united states department of energy u. The material used depend on the maximum temperatures and pressures to which specific components will be exposed which, in turn, depends u. Sw, albany or 97321 derek hsu orise 1450 queen ave. Open library is an initiative of the internet archive, a 501c3 nonprofit, building a digital library of internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form. We say yes to increasing a steam power systems efficiency, deliver a nuclear turbine island, or provide stand alone product such as boilers and much, much more. A variety of materials based approaches are used that can be broadly categorized into steam oxidation, surface treatments, and alloy development. The underlying reason for the trend to large size is the economy of scale, i. Which materials are being used in the major components of. Maintenance and overhaul of steam turbines wgp42 05. In general, a steam turbine is a rotary heat engine that converts thermal energy contained in the steam to mechanical energy or to electrical energy.
Draft tube cone runner lower cover upper cover turbine shaft spiral casing governing ring guide stay vanes vanes stay ring dajiang power plant, china power. In its simplest form, a steam turbine consist of a boiler steam generator, turbine, condenser, feed pump and a variety of auxiliary devices. Materials for advanced ultrasupercritical ausc steam. This paper introduces the latest steam turbine technologies applied to this stateoftheart steam turbine including the complete. Key to achieving high efficiency in both impulse and reaction turbines is the design of the nozzles. What is steam turbine description and characteristics. Large amounts of metal are removed and demanding grooves have to be cut. A turbine stage normally consists of a row of stationary blading and a row of rotating blading.
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